The mouth of the biggest river in Mindanao opens on the Moro gulf with a broad rice-growing floodplain behind it (board).
The Maguindanao sultanate that later rules from here is sixteenth century. In 1200 this is a river full of settlements with no state over them, as the campaign board puts it; we found no source that says otherwise.
Who holds it
- Title
- Headmen of the place (no one named)
- Since
- not pinned
- Born
- not known
- Family
- not known
- Confidence
- low
No source names anyone who holds this place for 1200.
Lord in 1200
No chief is named for 1200.
What the town holds
- The river mouth and the floodplain villages
Allies and rivals
Nothing is recorded; neighbours are the villages and ports along the same coast.
How things stand that morning
Not described for 1200.
Wealth
Rice and river produce; the sea road of the Moro gulf (inference).
Threats
- A poor monsoon or a failed season
- Raiders from the next coast
Council
No council or court is recorded; headmen and elders decide (inference).
Fairs and markets
Not known; the trade follows the monsoons.
Militia
Not known. No numbers.
Walls and castle
No wall or fort is recorded.
Trade and crafts
Rice and river produce; the sea road of the Moro gulf (inference).
Places of note
- Pulangi mouth: River mouth on the Moro gulf (position as the campaign board gives it).
- Cotabato: Modern city (a later name).
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: Geography and the campaign board only. The campaign board marks it 'likely'.
"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.
On the map: A place marker; the ground round it, if any, is drawn in the lord and province records.
Sources and studies
- The OMNIA board (September 2026) note for this place: a lead only, not a source
- Background knowledge of Southeast Asian history (Wolters; Hall; Bellwood; Scott; Junker; Reid), recalled and not re-read in this pass
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.