Maastricht

Who holds it

Name

The bishop of Liege and the king (the imperial share of St Servatius)

Title

Two lords

Since

Of old

Confidence

medium

nl.wikipedia Geschiedenis van Maastricht; Loon history (dbnl)

Lord in 1200

Two lords. The bishop of Liege holds his share round the church of Our Lady, with the mint and toll granted to Bishop Stephen in 908. The king holds the imperial share round the chapter of St Servatius, whose provosts are great nobles and sometimes imperial chancellors (the provost in 1200 not pinned); the chapter keeps the old bridge and takes its toll. The imperial share passes to the duke of Brabant only later: by Otto IV's grant of 1202 (Loon history) or in 1204 (nl.wikipedia). Which king's men control the imperial share on 1 January 1200 is not pinned; the 'Welf preparations in Maastricht' of 1201 suggest Otto's party.

How things stand that morning

Shared by the bishop and the crown; the imperial share's master in the throne war is not pinned.

Charter

No town charter (stadsbrief) ever; custom under the two lords.

Council

Not pinned for 1200.

Communities

The two chapters (St Servatius, 42 prebends; Our Lady, about 20).

Walls and castle

An earthen rampart; the first stone wall only after Henry I of Brabant's permission of 1229.

Trade and crafts

Cloth (sold into Germany and as far as southern Sweden later), tanning, the bridge toll, the pilgrims.

Where the sources disagree

• The transfer of the imperial share to Brabant is dated 1202 (by Otto IV, dbnl Loon history) or 1204 (nl.wikipedia, 'by the emperor'). Either way it is after 1 January 1200.

Evidence: The double lordship is certain; the 1202 or 1204 transfer and the 1200 control of the imperial share are not.

Primary sources for Liege

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• Annals of Reiner of Saint James, Liège, Reiner of Liège (1197 to 1230, kept year by year). Contemporary annals kept inside Liège. Read online
• Royal Chronicle of Cologne (in stages from about 1175 to about 1250; the section on 1198 to 1220 written soon after the events). The fullest German narrative of the throne war from the Welf and Cologne side. Read online
• Chronicle of Hainaut, Gislebert of Mons (about 1195 to 1196). Ends in 1195, so it has no 1200 entries, but it is the indispensable background for Flanders and Hainaut: the career of Count Baldwin V of Hainaut (VIII of Flanders), his union of the two counties, the settlement with Philip over Artois, the rights, castles, fiefs and vassals of Hainaut listed by a man who ran its chancery, and the youth of Baldwin IX, who held both counties in 1200. Read online
• Dialogue on Miracles, Caesarius of Heisterbach (about 1219 to 1223). Not a chronicle but a Cistercian's book of exempla, full of stories about Cologne, the Rhineland and the Low Countries around 1200: the throne war, usurers, heretics, crusade preachers, knights and townsmen, monks and recruits at Heisterbach, founded in 1189. Read online