Lamphun

Who holds it

Title

King of Haripunjaya, with the abbots and ministers of the town

Since

not known

Born

not known

Family

The nearest dated king is Sabbadhisiddhi (inscriptions of 1213, 1218, 1219).

Confidence

low

English Wikipedia (Haripunjaya, Lamphun).

Lord in 1200

The king of Haripunjaya (name not known).

What the town holds

• The town, its moat and bank, its monasteries and the relic stupa
• The near rice land of the Kuang and Ping
• Gifts, pilgrims and the Ping road trade

How it was acquired

Not known; the chronicle foundation by Camadevi (seventh century) is legend.

Allies and rivals

Sister seat at Lampang; Lawa hills; Tai chiefs of the north.

How things stand that morning

The capital of a peaceful Mon kingdom. The king is not known. The Mangrai story (the town taken by intrigue in 1281, 1291 or 1292) is later.

Wealth

Rice, pilgrims, tolls, endowed monastery estates.

Military

Moat and earth bank; no numbers.

Threats

• None dated

Charter

none known; the king's gifts are recorded in the steles

Council

The king, his ministers and the abbots; no assembly is known.

Communities

Mon court, clergy and townsfolk; Lawa and Tai villagers; Mon merchants (named in the Mangrai story).

Fairs and markets

Pilgrim gatherings at the relic are likely; none is dated.

Walls and castle

Earth bank and moat; brick monasteries inside and outside the line; no stone castle.

Trade and crafts

Rice, cloth, bronze Buddha images and brick and stucco building (the Haripunjaya school of art), the Ping road trade.

What the year holds

What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.

1. 1213 to 1219The Mon steles record the king's gifts, an uposatha hall about 1214, an earthquake and its repair, and the king's brief ordination on Tuesday 28 May 1219 (Julian).Depends on: The court at Lamphun. Stopped by: Court collapse before 1213.
2. 1281, 1291 or 1292Mangrai takes Lamphun through Ai Fa.Depends on: Ngoenyang's rise. Stopped by: A relief by Phayao or Sukhothai.

Places of note

• Wat Phra That Hariphunchai: relic stupa
• Wat Chamathewi (Kukut): stepped brick stupa

Where the sources disagree

• Board: Lamphun "secure" and "an oval of earth wall and moat". The chronicles say conch-shaped; the old town plan was not checked.
• Wat Phra That Hariphunchai: founding 897 (tradition, relic), 1044 (the English Wikipedia article on the temple) or the middle twelfth century under Adityaraja (board; the German article says 1150 by tradition). None is dated by an inscription.

Evidence: Dated Mon inscriptions of 1213 to 1219; chronicles for the rest.

On the map: Near land by the tierra.

Primary sources for Haripunjaya

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• The Glass Palace Chronicle of the Kings of Burma, The Royal Historical Commission of King Bagyidaw (Monywe Sayadaw and others), drawing on U Kala's Maha Yazawin (about 1724) and earlier chronicles (1829 to 1832). The standard Burmese court chronicle, compiled six centuries after 1200 from older chronicles now lost. Read online
• The later Tai, Lao and Mon chronicles of the north, Ratanapanna (Jinakalamali); Bodhiramsi (Chamadevivamsa); anonymous monks and court scribes (the Chamadevivamsa about 1410; the Jinakalamali 1516 to 1528; the Chiang Mai Chronicle in its surviving form 1827; the Nithan Khun Borom 16th to 17th century). There is no text of 1200 for the Mon kingdom of Haripunjaya, the Tai muang of Ngoenyang (Chiang Saen), Chiang Rung, the Yom and Nan valleys, or the Lao middle Mekong.
• Epigraphia Birmanica, being lithic and other inscriptions of Burma, Various, edited by Taw Sein Ko, C. Duroiselle and C. O. Blagden (inscriptions of the 11th to 15th centuries; the series ran from 1919 to 1936). The Archaeological Survey of Burma's series of edited inscriptions with full translations. Read online
• Inscriptions of Pagan, Pinya and Ava; Inscriptions of Burma, Various (the Pagan kings, queens, ministers and donors), edited by Tun Nyein, Taw Sein Ko, G. H. Luce and Pe Maung Tin (inscriptions of the 11th to 14th centuries; editions 1899 and 1933 to 1956). The dedicatory inscriptions of Pagan are the only contemporary texts for the kingdom of Narapatisithu (reigning 1174 to 1211). Read online
• The Inscriptions of Cambodia, Various (the Khmer kings and their officers), edited by George Coedes (inscriptions of the 6th to 14th centuries; edited 1937 to 1966). The Khmer empire of 1200 is known almost entirely from the great foundation stelae of Jayavarman VII (reigning from 1181), which Coedes edited: the Ta Prohm stele of 1186 (K. Read online