A great hillfort with a trading settlement on the left bank of the Daugava, known from archaeology as one of the main trading places of the lower Daugava in the 10th-12th centuries, used by Livs and Semigallians.
Whether it was still lived in on 1 January 1200 is not pinned.
Who holds it
- Name
- None named
- Title
- the elders of the land
- Since
- not applicable
- Born
- not applicable
- Confidence
- low
See sources.
Lord in 1200
Not pinned: Livs or Semigallians.
How things stand that morning
Not pinned; probably past its prime.
Charter
None: an unwritten customary community.
Council
The elders of the land; no town council.
Communities
Livs and Semigallians.
Fairs and markets
None recorded.
Militia
The men of the fort and its villages.
Walls and castle
Earth and timber hillfort.
Trade and crafts
River trade (archaeology).
What the year holds
What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.
- During 1200 (nothing dated)Nothing is recorded at this place for 1200.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: Archaeology only (general knowledge, not checked in this run); not in Henry's chapters read.
Primary sources for The Livs
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- The Livonian Chronicle of Henry, Henry of Livonia (1225 to 1227). The chief source for the Baltic mission. Read online
- Chronicle of the Slavs, by Arnold of Lübeck, Arnold of Lübeck (about 1209 to 1210). Arnold continues Helmold and writes from Lübeck, close to Danish, Welf and Baltic affairs. Read online
- The Registers of Pope Innocent III for 1199 to 1201, Innocent III and the papal chancery (22 February 1199 to 21 February 1201). The pope's outgoing letters for the year, in his chancery's own copy, touching nearly every realm in the atlas. Read online
- Charter book of Livonia, Estonia and Courland, volume 1, 1093 to 1300 (documents of 1093 to 1300, edited 1853). The documents of the Livonian mission: Innocent III's bull of 5 October 1199 calling for a crusade to protect the Livonian church, the privileges for Bishop Albert, Archbishop Hartwig of Bremen's acts for the see of Üxküll, and the later charters that settle who held what on the Düna.
- Charter books of Lübeck and of Hamburg (documents to 1226 (Lübeck vol. 1) and to 1300 (Hamburg vol. 1)). The charters of the two north German towns and of the archbishops of Bremen and Hamburg. Read online
- The law of the Gotlanders; The saga of the Gotlanders (Guta lag about 1220, Guta saga about 1220 to 1275; manuscript of about 1350). The law and the short history of the self-governing island. Read online
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.