Suryavarmadeva (Vidyanandana)

Who he is

Name

Suryavarmadeva (Prince Sri Vidyanandana)

Title

King of Champa

Since

1190 to 1192 (not pinned)

Born

not known

Family

Nephew of the yuvaraja On Dhanapatigrama; wives and heirs not known

Confidence

medium

English, French and Chinese Wikipedia; the Khmer stele of the 1190s as reported there

What it holds

• Vijaya and the Con plain with Thị Nại
• A claim to every Cham plain from the Hue plain to Phan Rang
• The right to endow Po Nagar and Bhadresvara (My Son)
• Gifts and marriage ties with the hill peoples

How things stand that morning

King, most likely at Vijaya, at war with Angkor in a stretch (from 1198 on) where no battle is dated. The campaign board says the Ly court recognised him in 1199; we could not check that.

Wealth

The port trade of Thi Nai and the hill goods that reach it.

Military

A fleet and the citadels; no numbers.

Threats

• The Khmer army
• His uncle On Dhanapatigrama
• Panduranga going its own way

What the year holds

What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.

1. 1203Beaten by On Dhanapatigrama and the Khmer; flees by sea to Cua Lo (August 1203); refused; vanishes. No source records how or where he died.Depends on: A Khmer army and a loyal uncle. Stopped by: A Khmer defeat.

Places of note

• Vijaya: Likely seat

Where the sources disagree

• Board: sent home in 1190 'with the army that broke his own country' and 'raised at the Khmer court from 1182': not checked; the English Wikipedia says only that he was a refugee prince at Jayavarman's court.

Evidence: The name and the rise are in several Wikipedia articles that disagree on the sequence; the stelae themselves were not opened.

Primary sources for Champa

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• The Abridged History of Viet, Anonymous (attributed by some to Su Hy Nhan) (about 1377, probably as an abridgement of Le Van Huu's lost history of 1272). The oldest surviving Vietnamese history, a century older than the Complete Annals and in places fuller for the Ly dynasty, which fills its second and third books.
• The Complete Annals of Dai Viet, Ngo Si Lien, drawing on Le Van Huu's Dai Viet su ky (1272) and Phan Phu Tien; continued by Pham Cong Tru and Le Hi (1479; printed 1697 in the standard Chinh Hoa edition). The main narrative source for Dai Viet in 1200, compiled in 1479 from Le Van Huu's lost history of 1272. Read online
• History of Song, chapters 488 and 489: Jiaozhi, Dali, Champa, Zhenla, Pagan, Srivijaya, Java, Brunei, Chola and Tambralinga, Toqto'a (Tuotuo) and the Yuan history office, from the Song court records (1343 to 1345, from Song veritable records and court diaries). The Chinese court's record of its southern neighbours, compiled from Song archives. Read online
• History of the Song, the chapters on Xia and on foreign states, Toqto'a (脫脫) and the Yuan history office (1343 to 1345). The Song court's accounts of its neighbours, each arranged as an annal of embassies and wars. Read online
• Draft Compilation of the Collected Statutes of the Song, Various; the Song huiyao were compiled by the Song state, the surviving draft reassembled by Xu Song from the Yongle dadian in the nineteenth century (the original Song compilations date from the eleventh to the thirteenth century; the surviving extracts were recovered in 1809 to 1820 and printed in 1936). Dated extracts from the Song government's own statute collections, arranged by office. Read online
• Corpus of the Inscriptions of Campa (EFEO and ISAW), Various (the Cham kings and their officers), edited by Arlo Griffiths, Amandine Lepoutre, William Southworth and Thanh Phan (inscriptions of the 4th to 15th centuries; the online corpus from 2012). The online edition of the Cham inscriptions, with photographs, texts and translations, keyed to the C. numbers. Read online
• The Inscriptions of Cambodia, Various (the Khmer kings and their officers), edited by George Coedes (inscriptions of the 6th to 14th centuries; edited 1937 to 1966). The Khmer empire of 1200 is known almost entirely from the great foundation stelae of Jayavarman VII (reigning from 1181), which Coedes edited: the Ta Prohm stele of 1186 (K. Read online
• The Sanskrit inscriptions of Cambodia and Champa (ISCC), Various (Khmer and Cham kings), edited by Auguste Barth and Abel Bergaigne (inscriptions of the 7th to 12th centuries; edited 1885 to 1893). The founding edition of Khmer and Cham Sanskrit epigraphy, public domain and online, which Coedes's later corpus supersedes but does not replace. Read online

4 more in the sources library for Mainland Southeast Asia.