The Javanese king keeps two chief judges, one for the Shaiva priesthood and one for the Buddhist (the dharmadhyaksa of the kasaiwan and the kasogatan), who judge the religious foundations and their people and oversee the free (sima) lands that belong to temples and hermitages.
In a kingdom whose great works are sanctuaries (Palah in 1197) and whose villages are often freed for a god's service, they are among the most powerful men at court. No name is known for 1200. The brief puts them among the officers the charters give; we cannot show them in the Kamulan or Palah texts, which did not open.
Who he is
- Title
- Dharmadhyaksa ring kasaiwan (Shaiva) and dharmadhyaksa ring kasogatan (Buddhist)
- Since
- not pinned
- Born
- not known
- Confidence
- low
The pair is the standard arrangement of the Old Javanese state (recalled; clearly in the Majapahit sources, and older). Names for 1200 are not known.
Overlord
Kertajaya
What it holds
- Jurisdiction over the Shaiva and Buddhist foundations, their free lands (sima) and their dependants
How things stand that morning
The two offices exist by the usual practice; no holder named.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: Recalled from the general practice of the Old Javanese state; no 1200 holder.
On the map: Offices of the court, no land to draw.
Primary sources for Kediri
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- History of Song, chapters 488 and 489: Jiaozhi, Dali, Champa, Zhenla, Pagan, Srivijaya, Java, Brunei, Chola and Tambralinga, Toqto'a (Tuotuo) and the Yuan history office, from the Song court records (1343 to 1345, from Song veritable records and court diaries). The Chinese court's record of its southern neighbours, compiled from Song archives. Read online
- History of the Song, the chapters on Xia and on foreign states, Toqto'a (脫脫) and the Yuan history office (1343 to 1345). The Song court's accounts of its neighbours, each arranged as an annal of embassies and wars. Read online
- Old Javanese Charters (the Brandes and Krom corpus), including the Kediri inscriptions of Kamesvara and Srngga, Various (the Kediri kings and their officers), edited by J. L. A. Brandes and N. J. Krom (inscriptions of the 8th to 15th centuries; edited 1913). Kediri (Panjalu) in 1200 is known from a few royal charters on stone and copper, which this corpus first printed: the records of Kamesvara (about 1182 to 1194) and of Srngga, that is Kertajaya (from about 1194 to 1222), among them the Kamulan charter of 1194 and the Palah (Panataran) record of 1197, with the king's titles, his seal, the officials of the court and the villages freed from tax.
- A Description of the Foreign Peoples (Records of Foreign Nations), Zhao Rukuo (Zhao Rugua) (1225 at Quanzhou). The best single text for the island world around 1200, written by the superintendent of maritime trade at Quanzhou from merchants' reports a generation after the date. Read online
- Notes in Answer to Questions about the Lands beyond the Passes, Zhou Qufei (周去非) (1178, after service in Guangxi). A Guangxi official's notes, written twenty years before 1200, on the south-western frontier of the Song and the countries beyond. Read online
- Description of the Foreign Peoples (Chau Ju-kua), Zhao Rukuo (趙汝适) (about 1225, while superintendent of maritime trade at Quanzhou). The Song customs officer's survey of the overseas world, compiled from merchants and from Zhou Qufei, a generation after 1200 but describing trade routes that were the same in 1200. Read online
- The Description of the Country, called the Nagarakretagama, Mpu Prapanca (1365 at the Majapahit court). A Majapahit court poem of 1365 listed here only for its retrospect. Read online
Sources and studies
- General knowledge of Old Javanese and Old Balinese epigraphy and the archaeology of Java, recalled and not re-read in this pass (Boechari, Poerbatjaraka, Soekmono, Bernet Kempers)
- Th. Pigeaud, Java in the Fourteenth Century, a study in cultural history: the Nagarakrtagama (1960-1963); recalled, not re-read
- Wikipedia (en), Kediri Kingdom (read in this pass): Kertajaya 1194-1222, Ceker and Kamulan plates, animal-titled officials under Gandra, Chinese notices, end at Ganter
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.