Balliol

Who he is

Name

Eustace de Balliol (heir of his cousin Bernard II since 1190); his younger sons Ingram and Henry later found Scottish branches

Title

Head of the Balliol family

Since

1190 (as head of the family)

Born

Not pinned

Family

Wives Petronilla FitzPiers and a second wife after 1190; sons Hugh (the heir), Ingram (Enguerrand), Bernard and Henry. Dies about 1209.

Confidence

low

The family's great lands are English: Barnard Castle in the bishop of Durham's liberty and Bywell in Northumberland (for the eno researcher). The Scottish cadet branches, Ingram at Inverkeilor in Angus and Henry at Cavers in Roxburghshire, are not dated; Robert of Inverkeilor is sheriff of Kincardine about 1198, which suggests Inverkeilor was not yet Ingram's. The great Galloway inheritance of the Balliols comes only with Dervorguilla (1234).

Overlord

King John for the English lands; King William for any Scottish land

What it holds

• Cavers in Roxburghshire (Henry's branch; date not pinned)
• Inverkeilor in Angus (Ingram's branch by marriage to the Berkeley heiress; date not pinned)
• Barnard Castle and Bywell in England (not drawn)

How it was acquired

Royal favour to the younger sons (dates not pinned).

Allies and rivals

Northern English baronage; Bernard II helped capture William at Alnwick in 1174.

How things stand that morning

Not pinned for Scotland.

Wealth

English baronies. No figures.

Military

Barnard Castle (England). No numbers.

Places of note

• Cavers: Later Balliol estate in Teviotdale
• Inverkeilor: Later Balliol estate in Angus

Where the sources disagree

Evidence: Eustace's English career is documented; the Scottish branches are undated.

On the map: Not drawn: Balliol tenure in Scotland on 1 January 1200 is not pinned.

Primary sources for Scotland

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• Chronicle of Holyrood, Anonymous (canons of Holyrood, Edinburgh) (about 1150 to 1170, with later additions). Gives nothing for 1200: its original text ends in 1163 and the few additions stop before William the Lion's last decades. Read online
• Chronicle of Melrose, Anonymous (monks of Melrose abbey) (about 1173 to 1270, in many hands; the 1200 entries are near contemporary). The main Scottish annal for the year, kept at a Cistercian house on the Tweed. Read online
• Chronicle of Roger of Howden, Roger of Howden (about 1192 to 1201). The fullest single narrative for the year. Read online
• Chronicle of the Kings of Mann and the Isles, Anonymous (monks of Rushen abbey, Mann) (about 1257, with continuations to 1316). The only native record of the kingdom of Mann and the Hebrides. Read online
• History of English Affairs, William of Newburgh (about 1196 to 1198). Ends in 1198, so it gives no 1200 entries of its own; the Stanley continuation has only a line or two for 1200. Read online
• Saga of the Earls of Orkney, Anonymous (Icelandic) (about 1200 to 1230; surviving text mainly from Flateyjarbok, about 1390). The saga's last chapters are about Earl Harald Maddadsson, who in 1200 held Orkney under King Sverre of Norway and Caithness under William the Lion: his long rule, his quarrel with the Scottish king that cost him Caithness in 1196 to 1197, his recovery of it, and the maiming of Bishop John of Caithness and the king's revenge in 1201 to 1202. Read online
• The Registers of Pope Innocent III for 1199 to 1201, Innocent III and the papal chancery (22 February 1199 to 21 February 1201). The pope's outgoing letters for the year, in his chancery's own copy, touching nearly every realm in the atlas. Read online
• The Great Life of Saint Hugh of Lincoln, Adam of Eynsham (about 1210 to 1215). The last book is a day by day account of Hugh's final year by the chaplain who was with him: his dealings with John at the start of the reign, his journey to France and the Grande Chartreuse in 1200, his illness in London, his death at the Old Temple on 16 November 1200 and the funeral at Lincoln on 23 November attended by King John, William the Lion of Scotland, three archbishops and a crowd of bishops and earls. Read online

2 more in the sources library for The British Isles.