The rice ground of the north-west and the largest river in west Java, the old heart of Tarumanagara (the fifth-century kingdom; the last notice of it is of the seventh century) and still the only part of Sunda that feeds a crowd (board).
The plain runs from Bekasi and Karawang up the river to the Purwakarta country; the river itself heads in the Bandung basin beyond. The Sundanese realm has no named king at this date (see King of Sunda), and the plain lies between Banten in the west and the Cimanuk and Cirebon shore in the east; the Kalapa landing at the Ciliwung mouth lies on its west edge. Whether the plain is the realm's granary, a set of independent river-mouth chiefdoms or both is not shown by any source we read.
Who holds it
- Title
- Village chiefs of the plain and the lords of its river-mouth landings
- Since
- not pinned
- Born
- not known
- Confidence
- low
No chief is named. The only dated Sundanese kings are of 932 (Kebon Kopi) and 1030 (Sanghyang Tapak).
Overlord
the king of Sunda, if any court answered
What it holds
- Irrigated rice on the river plain
- The landings at the mouths of the Citarum and the Ciliwung (see Kalapa)
How things stand that morning
Nothing dated. Farming country in the Sunda sphere.
Wealth
Rice; no figures.
Military
None attested.
Places of note
- Citarum plain (board point): The campaign board point, near Purwakarta and Karawang.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: Geography and the campaign board; no document of the period.
"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.
On the map: A rough outline of the lowland.
Primary sources for Sunda
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- Old Javanese Charters (the Brandes and Krom corpus), including the Kediri inscriptions of Kamesvara and Srngga, Various (the Kediri kings and their officers), edited by J. L. A. Brandes and N. J. Krom (inscriptions of the 8th to 15th centuries; edited 1913). Kediri (Panjalu) in 1200 is known from a few royal charters on stone and copper, which this corpus first printed: the records of Kamesvara (about 1182 to 1194) and of Srngga, that is Kertajaya (from about 1194 to 1222), among them the Kamulan charter of 1194 and the Palah (Panataran) record of 1197, with the king's titles, his seal, the officials of the court and the villages freed from tax.
- A Description of the Foreign Peoples (Records of Foreign Nations), Zhao Rukuo (Zhao Rugua) (1225 at Quanzhou). The best single text for the island world around 1200, written by the superintendent of maritime trade at Quanzhou from merchants' reports a generation after the date. Read online
- The Description of the Country, called the Nagarakretagama, Mpu Prapanca (1365 at the Majapahit court). A Majapahit court poem of 1365 listed here only for its retrospect. Read online
Sources and studies
- Wikipedia (en), Sunda Kingdom (read in this pass): Sanghyang Tapak 952 Saka (1030), Kebon Kopi 932, Horren, Carita Parahyangan caveats, Zhu Fan Zhi on Sin-t'o, Bujangga Manik boundary
- General knowledge of Old Javanese and Old Balinese epigraphy and the archaeology of Java, recalled and not re-read in this pass (Boechari, Poerbatjaraka, Soekmono, Bernet Kempers)
- OMNIA board notes for the place (a lead, not a source)
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.