Shinto shrines · The temple and shrine corporations · as at first light, 1 January 1200

Hakone shrine

Hakone Gongen stands where the Tōkaidō crosses the mountains between Sagami and Izu: a shrine and temple on the shore of Lake Ashi, linked by an old road to Mishima.

It sheltered Yoritomo after his defeat at Ishibashiyama in 1180 and became his patron once he held the east. With the Izusan shrine near Atami it forms the 'two shrines' (Nisho) that the lord of Kamakura visits at the New Year: the Nisho mōde is recalled as a yearly rite of Yoritomo and his heirs. The bettō and his monks hold the shrine's estates in the Hakone range; the shrine is a guard of the pass, and its mountain is on the line of the passes written as a belt.

Who holds it

Name
not pinned for 1200
Title
Head of the Hakone shrine-temple (bettō)
Since
not applicable
Family
The English page names the priest Mangan as founder in 757 (tradition). The bettō of 1180, who sheltered Yoritomo, is recalled as Gyōjitsu; his heirs in 1200 are not pinned.
Confidence
low

English Wikipedia (Hakone Shrine): founded 757 by tradition, first on Komagatake and later on the shore of Lake Ashi; Yoritomo sought shelter at Hakone after Ishibashiyama (Azuma Kagami, with a citation-needed tag); popular with samurai.

Overlord

Kamakura as patron; the court's rank

What it holds

  • The shrine-temple on Lake Ashi and the Hakone mountain
  • Estates in Sagami and Izu (recalled, not itemised)

How it was acquired

By old cult; patron since 1180.

Allies and rivals

Allied with the Hōjō of Izu next door and with Kamakura.

How things stand that morning

Quiet; the New Year pilgrimage may take place in the first month.

Wealth

Offerings; road dues at the pass; no figure.

Military

Priests' guard; no numbers.

Threats

  • Snow; fire

What the year holds

What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.

  1. Shōji 2/1 (from about 18 January 1200)Yoriie's or his deputy's New Year visit to Hakone and Izusan (Nisho mōde), if kept; no record is known to me.Depends on: Yoriie's travelling Stopped by: The affair of Kajiwara and the mourning

Where the sources disagree

  • The Nisho mōde and Gyōjitsu are recalled; the English page mentions neither.

Evidence: One English page.

On the map: Small block.

Primary sources for Temple powers (west)

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

  • Hundred Times Refined Extracts: court annals (late thirteenth century, from court diaries). Short dated annals of the imperial court excerpted from courtiers' diaries, among them the Gyokuyo and the Meigetsuki. Read online
  • Mirror of the East, Anonymous; compiled by officials of the Kamakura shogunate (compiled about 1300 from the shogunate's records, diaries and family documents). The Kamakura house's own chronicle, in daily entries. Read online
  • Jottings of a Fool: an interpretative history of Japan, Jien (慈円) (about 1219 to 1220, revised to about 1223). A history by Kujo Kanezane's brother, head of the Tendai school and the leading churchman of the court, written to explain the fall of the Kujo and the rise of the warriors as the working of principle (dori). Read online
  • Leaves of Jade: the diary of Kujo Kanezane, Kujo (Fujiwara) Kanezane (九條兼實) (1164 to 1200, as a daily diary). The diary of the former regent, Yoritomo's ally at court, who had been driven from power in the Kenkyu purge of 1196 and lived in retirement in 1200. Read online
  • Record of the Bright Moon: the diary of Fujiwara no Teika, Fujiwara no Teika (藤原定家) (1180 to 1235, as a daily diary, with gaps). The diary of the poet and courtier, then thirty-eight and a middle-ranking official of the Kujo house. Read online
  • Surviving Documents of the Kamakura Period, Various; collected by Takeuchi Rizo (竹内理三) (documents of 1185 to 1333, collected and printed 1971 to 1997). The collected charters, deeds, court orders, shogunal directives, temple records and land registers of the Kamakura age, printed in date order. Read online
  • The Tale of the Heike, Anonymous; traditionally attributed to Shinano no Zenji Yukinaga, performed and reshaped by blind reciters (early thirteenth century in its first form; the standard Kakuichi text was fixed in 1371). The epic of the Genpei war, in the form the reciters gave it over the century after 1200. Read online

Sources and studies

  1. KJA_BRIEF.md and the OMNIA board for sheet kja (the lead's notes: [own] computation, [not yet checked against the source] recollection, [en] English Wikipedia)
  2. Azuma Kagami (the Kamakura chronicle), Kenkyu 10 to Shoji 2 entries, recalled and through the brief; ja.wikipedia and ja.wikisource were refused in this session, so no entry was re-read
  3. Jeffrey P. Mass, Warrior Government in Early Medieval Japan (1974), from memory; the archive.org full text could not be opened
  4. English Wikipedia: Hakone Shrine (read this session; thin)

Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.