The Chilika and Ganjam ports: Manikpatna, Palur and the Rushikulya mouth

Who holds it

Name

not named

Title

Ganga port officers

Since

not known

Born

not known

Family

not known

Confidence

low

The campaign board entry only.

Lord in 1200

Rajaraja III.

What the town holds

• The harbours and salt pans

How things stand that morning

Working harbours under Ganga officers; Palur is contested by claim to the south.

Wealth

Salt, rice and coastal sea trade.

Communities

Sailors, fishers, salt makers (general knowledge).

Trade and crafts

Coastal trade to Bengal, Kalinga and Southeast Asia (general knowledge).

Places of note

• Manikpatna: Lagoon harbour.
• Palur: Old port.
• Ganjam: Rushikulya mouth.

Where the sources disagree

Evidence: The campaign board entry only.

"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.

Primary sources for Eastern Gangas

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• The Lesser Chronicle (the continuation of the Mahavamsa), Dhammakitti and later monks of the Mahavihara tradition (the first continuation about the 13th century (chapters 37 to 79), carried on in stages to the 18th century). The only narrative source for Lanka in 1200. Read online
• Inscriptions of Bengal, vol. 3, Various (the Sena kings' chanceries), edited by N. G. Majumdar (copper plates of the 10th to early 13th centuries; edited 1929). The one-volume edition of the Sena copper plates, the main documentary evidence for Bengal around 1200. Read online
• Epigraphia Indica: inscriptions of the Chandelas, Paramaras, Gahadavalas, Chaulukyas, Senas and Eastern Gangas, Various (edited for the Archaeological Survey of India by J. Burgess, E. Hultzsch, F. Kielhorn, Sten Konow, F. W. Thomas and successors) (inscriptions of the 1180s to 1210s; the series ran from 1892). The main record series for the Hindu kingdoms of northern India around 1200. Read online
• Epigraphia Zeylanica: lithic and other inscriptions of Ceylon, Various (the Polonnaruwa kings' chanceries), edited by D. M. de Zilva Wickremasinghe, H. W. Codrington and S. Paranavitana (inscriptions of the 3rd century BC to the 18th century; the series ran from 1904). Prints with translation the stone records of the Polonnaruwa kings who held or lost the throne around 1200. Read online
• The Song of Govinda, Jayadeva (late 12th century, by tradition at the court of Lakshmanasena of Bengal). A literary witness, not a chronicle. Read online