The Brahman pilgrim town of the goddess Viraja on the Vaitarani, the old Kesari capital by tradition (English Wikipedia, Lingaraja: the Brahma Purana makes Jajati Keshari move from Jajpur to Bhubaneswar).
The Buddhist monasteries of the Diamond Triangle (Ratnagiri, Udayagiri, Lalitagiri) lie in the same district. A road and river town between the Mahanadi and the Subarnarekha frontier.
Who holds it
- Name
- not named
- Title
- Ganga governor of the Vaitarani country
- Since
- not known
- Born
- not known
- Family
- not known
- Confidence
- low
English Wikipedia, Lingaraja Temple; board.
Lord in 1200
Rajaraja III.
What the town holds
- The Viraja shrine and the Vaitarani crossing
How things stand that morning
A Shakta pilgrim town and district seat under a Ganga officer.
Wealth
Pilgrim fees, the Vaitarani crossing, rice.
Council
No town council is recorded; royal officers and the guilds of merchants and craftsmen are the usual bodies of a town of this age (general knowledge).
Communities
Brahman priests, Buddhist monks of the nearby viharas, cultivators.
Trade and crafts
Pilgrim and river trade (general knowledge).
Places of note
- Jajpur: Viraja.
Where the sources disagree
- The campaign board entry jajpur-viraja "secure" for the Gangas.
Evidence: The campaign board entry and one page.
"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.
Primary sources for Eastern Gangas
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- The Lesser Chronicle (the continuation of the Mahavamsa), Dhammakitti and later monks of the Mahavihara tradition (the first continuation about the 13th century (chapters 37 to 79), carried on in stages to the 18th century). The only narrative source for Lanka in 1200. Read online
- Inscriptions of Bengal, vol. 3, Various (the Sena kings' chanceries), edited by N. G. Majumdar (copper plates of the 10th to early 13th centuries; edited 1929). The one-volume edition of the Sena copper plates, the main documentary evidence for Bengal around 1200. Read online
- Epigraphia Indica: inscriptions of the Chandelas, Paramaras, Gahadavalas, Chaulukyas, Senas and Eastern Gangas, Various (edited for the Archaeological Survey of India by J. Burgess, E. Hultzsch, F. Kielhorn, Sten Konow, F. W. Thomas and successors) (inscriptions of the 1180s to 1210s; the series ran from 1892). The main record series for the Hindu kingdoms of northern India around 1200. Read online
- Epigraphia Zeylanica: lithic and other inscriptions of Ceylon, Various (the Polonnaruwa kings' chanceries), edited by D. M. de Zilva Wickremasinghe, H. W. Codrington and S. Paranavitana (inscriptions of the 3rd century BC to the 18th century; the series ran from 1904). Prints with translation the stone records of the Polonnaruwa kings who held or lost the throne around 1200. Read online
- The Song of Govinda, Jayadeva (late 12th century, by tradition at the court of Lakshmanasena of Bengal). A literary witness, not a chronicle. Read online
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.