An excavated settlement mound and temple group at the meeting of the Barumun and the Batang Pane, occupied through the age.
It is the likeliest candidate for the seat of whatever Panai was, because a river power would put itself where two valleys join. Its occupation range is reported by the excavators (Perret) as roughly the eleventh to the fourteenth century; we could not recheck the figures.
Who holds it
- Title
- Lord or headman of Si Pamutung: the settlement mound at the meeting of the Barumun and the Batang Pane
- Since
- not known
- Born
- not known
- Family
- not known
- Confidence
- low
Lord in 1200
not known: no source names a lord, governor or headman for 1 January 1200
How things stand that morning
No lord, governor or garrison is named by any source for 1 January 1200. Treat as a landing or settlement on the route whose overlord, if any, is not known.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: Fair: an excavated site; no text names a lord.
Sources and studies
- D. Perret (ed.), Histoire de Padang Lawas, Sumatra du Nord (2014), read from memory, not rechecked
- Wikipedia (English): Padang Lawas archaeological site
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.