The main port of eastern Arabia, set among springs and palm gardens behind the island of Tarut, and the seat of the emir Muhammad ibn Ahmad, the caliph's ally.
Its harbour links al-Hasa with Awal, Basra, Kish and the Indian Ocean trade.
Who holds it
- Name
- Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Uyuni
- Title
- Emir
- Since
- see lord record
- Born
- not pinned
- Family
- not pinned
- Confidence
- medium
Arabic accounts after Ibn al-Muqarrab's diwan.
Lord in 1200
Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Uyuni (since 587/1191)
Overlord
Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Uyuni (since 587/1191)
How things stand that morning
Held by Muhammad ibn Ahmad.
Wealth
Pearls, dates, shipping, customs.
Council
The emir and his kin; notables not pinned.
Communities
Arabs of Abd al-Qays, largely Shi'i; merchants from the Gulf ports.
Fairs and markets
Date harvest; the pearl season (summer) on the banks offshore.
Militia
Townsmen and boatmen.
Walls and castle
Fortified town and the fort of Tarut; details not pinned.
Trade and crafts
Pearls, dates, shipping, customs.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: Uyunid tradition only.
Primary sources for Uyunids
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- Dictionary of Countries, Yaqut al-Hamawi (1224 to 1228, at Aleppo). An alphabetical gazetteer of every place Yaqut had read of or seen: he travelled as a bookseller's agent through Syria, Iraq, Persia, Khurasan and Khwarazm (about 1213 to 1220) and settled in Aleppo. Read online
Sources and studies
- Arabic Wikipedia: al-Dawla al-Uyuniyya (after Ibn al-Muqarrab's diwan and its commentary)
- Wikipedia: Uyunid Emirate
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.