The valley at the head of the Yom, on the road from Phrae toward the Ing and the Mekong (the campaign board).
Song, in the gazetteer, lies about 36 km north of Phrae on the river. No source we could read names it as a muang before the late chronicles; in 1200 it is the upper end of Phrae's valley or a small seat of its own, and that is not pinned.
Who holds it
- Title
- Headman of the upper Yom
- Since
- not known
- Born
- not known
- Confidence
- low
Overlord
the chao of Phrae (likely; not dated)
What the town holds
- The upper Yom rice
- The road north toward the Ing
Allies and rivals
Phrae south; Phayao and the Ing muang north.
How things stand that morning
A valley seat on the northern road.
Wealth
Rice and tolls.
Threats
- None dated
Communities
Tai.
Where the sources disagree
- The campaign board entry point 18.421 N, 100.163 E; the gazetteer has Song at 18.472 N, 100.184 E, about 6 km away. The gazetteer is used.
Evidence: The campaign board and geography.
"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.
On the map: A point.
Primary sources for Yom and Nan
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- The Glass Palace Chronicle of the Kings of Burma, The Royal Historical Commission of King Bagyidaw (Monywe Sayadaw and others), drawing on U Kala's Maha Yazawin (about 1724) and earlier chronicles (1829 to 1832). The standard Burmese court chronicle, compiled six centuries after 1200 from older chronicles now lost. Read online
- The later Tai, Lao and Mon chronicles of the north, Ratanapanna (Jinakalamali); Bodhiramsi (Chamadevivamsa); anonymous monks and court scribes (the Chamadevivamsa about 1410; the Jinakalamali 1516 to 1528; the Chiang Mai Chronicle in its surviving form 1827; the Nithan Khun Borom 16th to 17th century). There is no text of 1200 for the Mon kingdom of Haripunjaya, the Tai muang of Ngoenyang (Chiang Saen), Chiang Rung, the Yom and Nan valleys, or the Lao middle Mekong.
- The Inscriptions of Cambodia, Various (the Khmer kings and their officers), edited by George Coedes (inscriptions of the 6th to 14th centuries; edited 1937 to 1966). The Khmer empire of 1200 is known almost entirely from the great foundation stelae of Jayavarman VII (reigning from 1181), which Coedes edited: the Ta Prohm stele of 1186 (K. Read online
- The Customs of Cambodia, Zhou Daguan (after 1297, from a stay at Angkor in 1296 to 1297). A Chinese envoy's account of Angkor a century after Jayavarman VII, and the only description of the city and its court by an eyewitness. Read online
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.