Modena

Who holds it

Name

Not pinned for 1 January 1200

Title

Officers of the commune

Since

not pinned

Confidence

low

Lord in 1200

The commune; the bishop, Egidio Garzoni (since 1194).

Charter

Peace of Constance (1183); the commune has held the city's government since the bishops' power ended in the 1130s.

Council

Consuls or a podestà with the councils (names for 1200 not pinned).

Militia

The city host; no figures.

Walls and castle

The cathedral (consecrated in 1184 by Pope Lucius III) and the Ghirlandina tower, building since 1179; the walls of 1200 are not pinned.

Trade and crafts

The Via Emilia, the plain's grain and the Apennine roads; the law school founded in 1175, where the jurist Pillius came to teach.

Places of note

• Ghirlandina: Bell tower building since 1179

Where the sources disagree

Evidence: Buildings and the law school are attested; the commune's officers and offices of 1200 were not found.

Primary sources for Modena

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• The Lombard city annals of Piacenza, Milan, Cremona, Parma, Mantua and Verona (kept in the 12th and 13th centuries). The communes' own year lists. Read online