In the tenth century a large town on the Tab (Marun) river, head of the district of Qubadh Khurra on the road from Fars to Khuzistan, with the bridge of Thakan.
It declined through the twelfth century and was later replaced by Behbahan nearby (fourteenth century).
Who holds it
- Name
- The atabeg of Fars or the caliph's governor of Khuzistan
- Title
- Not pinned
- Since
- Not pinned
- Confidence
- low
Lord in 1200
Not pinned between Fars and the caliph's Khuzistan (annexed by the caliph in 591/1195).
How things stand that morning
Declining; lord not pinned.
Charter
None known: the towns of the atabegs have no charters; the governor, the judge (qadi) and the market inspector (muhtasib) answer to the ruler.
Council
No sworn council; the notables (a'yan), the qadi and the headman (ra'is) speak for the town. Names for 1199-1200 not pinned.
Communities
Persian and Arab townsmen.
Fairs and markets
Daily or weekly markets; no fair dates recorded.
Militia
Not recorded for 1199-1200.
Walls and castle
Not described for 1200.
Trade and crafts
Dates and olives; the Fars to Khuzistan road and its port of Mahruban.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: General descriptions only.
Primary sources for Salghurids
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- Comfort of Hearts and Sign of Joy: a History of the Seljuks, Muhammad ibn Ali al-Rawandi (Ravandi) (1203 to 1204, dedicated to Kaykhusraw I of Rum). A history of the Great Seljuks from their origins to the death of the last sultan Toghril III in 1194, begun at Hamadan and finished for Kaykhusraw of Rum when the author moved to Anatolia. Read online
- Dictionary of Countries, Yaqut al-Hamawi (1224 to 1228, at Aleppo). An alphabetical gazetteer of every place Yaqut had read of or seen: he travelled as a bookseller's agent through Syria, Iraq, Persia, Khurasan and Khwarazm (about 1213 to 1220) and settled in Aleppo. Read online
Sources and studies
- G. Le Strange, The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate (1905), chapters XVII-XXIV (Fars, Kirman, Makran) after Istakhri, Muqaddasi, Ibn al-Balkhi, Yaqut and Mustawfi
- C. E. Bosworth, 'The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000-1217)', Cambridge History of Iran 5 (1968), pp. 167-175, 184-185
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.