On the east slope of the Great Khingan and in the Nonni (Nen) valley live hunting and herding peoples whom the Liao and Jin sources lump together as Shiwei (the Mongolic-speaking ones, kin of the Tatars and Mongols), with Tungus-speaking reindeer and horse hunters, the ancestors of the Evenk and Oroqen, in the forest to the north.
The modern Daur may descend from Khitan or from Shiwei; the question is open and the name Daur is not attested for 1200. The Jin do not administer them. The Dongbei commission at Taizhou watches the Nonni plain, takes what horsemen and furs it can through the frontier jiu, and fights the Onggirat and Tatars of the west side of the Khingan when they cross.
The Mongolic groups beyond the Khingan are on the Mongolia map and are not described here.
Who he is
- Title
- Clan and village elders of the Shiwei, Daur and Evenk groups; no chief named
- Since
- not pinned
- Born
- not known
- Confidence
- low
No source we could read names a Shiwei, Daur or Evenk chief of the Khingan east side for 1200.
Overlord
None. The Taizhou commission watches the plain; the farther groups answer to no one.
What it holds
- Hunting and herding ground on the Khingan foot at Ulanhot and Tuquan
- The Nonni valley above Qiqihar
- The forest of the east slope to the Heihe country
How it was acquired
Not acquired: ancestral ground.
Allies and rivals
The Jin's Taizhou commission to the south-east, the Onggirat and Tatars across the Khingan to the west (anchors on the Mongolia sheet), the Puyu route to the east. No feud is recorded for the winter of 1199-1200.
How things stand that morning
Self-governing and quiet in anything we could read; position inferred from the structure of the Jin frontier.
Wealth
Furs, horses, game and fish; they trade at the Jin frontier markets.
Military
Hunters' bows and horse archery; no fortified places known (no figures).
Threats
- Raids from the steppe side
- Jin demands for horses and furs
- A hard winter
Where the sources disagree
- The brief asks for 'Mongol-speaking Shiwei or Daur chiefs on the Khingan east side'. None is named in anything we could read. The medieval names (Shiwei, Wuhu, Dilie) and the modern Daur and Evenk are not securely linked, and English Wikipedia's Daur page (blocked this session) could not be checked.
Evidence: Structure of the frontier and the later ethnography; nothing dated for 1200.
On the map: Rough ranges of mobile peoples; drawn so that the ground is not left to chance.
Sources and studies
- Wikipedia: Jin dynasty (1115-1234) (read this session)
- Wikipedia: Jurchen people (read this session)
- Jinshi (History of the Jin) ch. 24, Dili zhi 1 (Shangjing, Xianping, Dongjing, Beijing circuits): used from memory, the page was blocked this session and must be checked
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.