Each river group, village cluster or mountain valley of the lower Sungari, the Amur, the Ussuri, the Sikhote-Alin and the Changbai upland has its own headman and no common ruler.
They answer to the Jin only where Jin tribute collectors reach them: furs, falcons and pearls are carried to Yilan and to the forts of the Suifun plain, and the Jin give cloth, salt, iron and grain in return. The Jin throne honours the god of the Changbai mountain, which gives it a claim on the uplands but no garrison there. No headman is named in anything we could read, so a player or the campaign who needs one must invent him.
Who he is
- Title
- Village and clan headmen (bojile or beile in Jurchen) of each river group; no name survives for 1200
- Since
- not pinned
- Born
- not known
- Confidence
- low
The Chinese sources of the age give group names and almost never a personal name for a chief of the far east.
Overlord
None. The Jin take tribute from the nearer groups at Yilan (Hulihai route) and on the Suifun plain (Xupin route).
What it holds
- Hunting, fishing and falcon-catching ground (see the Amur realm record)
How it was acquired
Not acquired: ancestral ground.
Allies and rivals
The Jin tribute routes (Hulihai, Xupin, Helan); Goryeo at the head of the Yalu and Tumen; no feud is recorded.
How things stand that morning
Quiet; no raid or revolt recorded for the winter of 1199-1200.
Wealth
Furs, falcons, pearls, ginseng, fish.
Military
Bows, boats, skis and sledges; no forts of their own are known (no figures).
Threats
- Jin tribute demands
- Raids of neighbouring groups
- A hard winter
Places of note
- Yilan (Hulihai route): Jin tribute station for the lower Sungari peoples
- Ussuriysk plain (Xupin route): Jin fort country on the Suifun plain, where the Ussuri peoples trade
- Hunchun (Helan route): Jin market and post on the Tumen at the Goryeo and Changbai edge
Where the sources disagree
- The brief asks for the chiefs of the wild Jurchens and Amur peoples 'where named'. None is named for 1200 in anything we could read. 'Wild Jurchens' is a Ming-age label (English Wikipedia, Jurchen people, read this session).
Evidence: Chinese tribute lists, later gazetteers and archaeology; nothing dated to 1200.
On the map: No ground drawn here; the Amur realm record carries the ranges.
Primary sources for Amur and Ussuri peoples
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- History of the Jin, Toqto'a (脫脫) and the Yuan history office, with Ouyang Xuan among the chief compilers (1343 to 1344, from the Jin veritable records and the Jin national history). The official history of the Jurchen empire that ruled north China and Manchuria in 1200. Read online
Sources and studies
- Wikipedia: Jurchen people (read this session)
- Wikipedia: Jin dynasty (1115-1234) (read this session)
- Russian archaeology of the Jurchen fortresses of Primorye (Shaiga, Nikolaevskoye, Krasnoyarovskoye; E. V. Shavkunov, N. G. Artemyeva): from memory, ru.wikipedia pages were blocked this session
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.