Abkhazia, the cradle of the western Georgian kingdom, runs along the Black Sea from the Inguri past Tskhumi (Sukhumi) to Gagra and beyond, between the sea and the main ridge.
It is governed by an eristavi seated at Tskhumi; its church is ruled by the Catholicos of Abkhazia at Bichvinta (Pitsunda), whose cathedral Bagrat III built at the end of the 10th century. The old fortress of Anakopia guards the coast road. North-west of Gagra lies the land of the Jiks, who are not drawn as Georgian.
Who he is
- Name
- Not pinned (the Shervashidze, later lords of Abkhazia, have their first dated member in Otagho, about 1213)
- Title
- Eristavi of Tskhumi (Abkhazia)
- Since
- Not pinned
- Confidence
- low
Wikipedia's Shervashidze article lists Otagho I without date and Otagho II about 1213; nothing pins the eristavi of 1 January 1200.
Overlord
Tamar
What it holds
- Tskhumi (Sukhumi) and its coast
- Anakopia fortress
- Bichvinta (the Catholicos of Abkhazia's see)
- The coast to Gagra; the valleys of the Kodori and Bzyb
How it was acquired
Royal province.
Allies and rivals
Neighbours: the Jiks and Kasogs to the north-west.
How things stand that morning
Held under the crown; holder not pinned.
Wealth
The coastal trade with the Byzantine Black Sea, timber, slaves bought from the north Caucasus peoples.
Military
Anakopia and the coastal forts.
Threats
- Raids by the Jiks and Kasogs
What the year holds
What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.
- 1200No dated event is recorded for this lordship in 1200.
Places of note
- Anakopia: Coastal fortress
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: Holder not found.
On the map: Drawn to Gagra; the Georgian claim reached further north-west along the coast (the Jiks).
Primary sources for Georgia
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- The Chronicle of Michael the Syrian (Michael the Great), Michael the Syrian, patriarch of Antioch 1166 to 1199 (about 1180 to 1195). The Jacobite patriarch's world chronicle, in parallel columns of church, secular and miscellaneous events, ending four years before 1200 and shortly before his own death on 7 November 1199, which left the Syrian Orthodox church with a disputed succession in 1200. Read online
- The History of Derbent and Shirvan, as preserved in Munejjim-bashi's Jami al-duwal, Anonymous (an 11th-century author of Derbent, excerpted by Munejjim-bashi, died 1702) (about 1075; preserved in an Ottoman compilation of the 1670s). The only local history of the Shirvanshahs and the emirs of Derbent, surviving as extracts in a 17th-century Ottoman compilation.
- The Complete History, Izz al-Din Ibn al-Athir (about 1200 to 1231, at Mosul). The widest Muslim narrative for the years 596 to 597 AH (1199 to 1201): al-Adil's entry into Cairo and his taking of the sultanate from his nephew al-Mansur Muhammad early in 1200, the quarrels of the Ayyubid princes at Damascus, Aleppo and Hama, the Nile failure and the great famine of Egypt, Mosul under Nur al-Din Arslan Shah and the Jazira under Gokbori and the Artuqids, Baghdad under the caliph al-Nasir, the Khwarazmshah Tekish's death in 1200 and Muhammad's accession, the Ghurid wars in Khurasan, the Eldiguzids and Georgia, the Almohads in the west, and the Seljuks of Rum in passing. Read online
- History of the Armenians, Kirakos Gandzaketsi (1241 to 1265). Written at Getik and Gandzak in the Zakarid lands of Georgian Armenia. Read online
- The Georgian Chronicles: the Histories and Eulogies of the Sovereigns, and the Life of Queen Tamar, Anonymous, attributed to the chancellor Theodore of Chqondidi and to Basili, master of the court (about 1210 to 1225). Two court histories of Queen Tamar written within a generation. Read online
- The Historical Compilation of Vardan Areveltsi, Vardan Areveltsi (about 1267 to 1271). A short universal history that for the 12th and 13th centuries follows Samuel of Ani, Michael the Syrian (which Vardan helped translate into Armenian in 1248) and Kirakos. Read online
- The History of the Seljuks of Rum, Ibn Bibi (Nasir al-Din Husayn ibn Muhammad) (about 1281 to 1285, at Konya). The main Seljuk narrative for Rum begins with Kilij Arslan II's partition of the sultanate among his sons and his death (1192), Kaykhusraw I's first reign at Konya, his deposition in 1196 to 1197 by Rukn al-Din Sulayman II, Kaykhusraw's wanderings to Cilician Armenia, Aleppo and Constantinople, Sulayman's reduction of his brothers' towns (Tokat, Malatya, Amasya, and Ankara by 1204) and his Erzurum and Georgian campaigns. Read online
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.