The middle and upper Yom, with Phrae (Wiang Kosai) and its relic hill, Muang Song above it, and the roads over the Phi Pan Nam to Lampang and south to the Sukhothai plain.
A Tai valley is a muang: one rice plain, a stockade or moated town at its head, and a chao (lord) with his kin and officers over the villages. The weirs and ditches (muang fai) are kept by the village communities in later Tai custom; nothing dated for 1200 describes this valley's assemblies, so none is claimed.
Who holds it
- Title
- The chao of Phrae
- Since
- not known
- Born
- not known
- Family
- See the lord record.
- Confidence
- low
What it holds
- The Yom plain
- Muang Song and the upper Yom
- The roads in four directions
Allies and rivals
Nan east; Khelang Nakhon west; Phayao north; the Sukhothai plain south.
How things stand that morning
A moated town with a chao; no dated event.
Wealth
Rice, the road trade, teak for local use.
Threats
- None dated
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: Chronicle tradition and the town itself.
On the map: A polygon along the valley floors.
Primary sources for Yom and Nan
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- The Glass Palace Chronicle of the Kings of Burma, The Royal Historical Commission of King Bagyidaw (Monywe Sayadaw and others), drawing on U Kala's Maha Yazawin (about 1724) and earlier chronicles (1829 to 1832). The standard Burmese court chronicle, compiled six centuries after 1200 from older chronicles now lost. Read online
- The later Tai, Lao and Mon chronicles of the north, Ratanapanna (Jinakalamali); Bodhiramsi (Chamadevivamsa); anonymous monks and court scribes (the Chamadevivamsa about 1410; the Jinakalamali 1516 to 1528; the Chiang Mai Chronicle in its surviving form 1827; the Nithan Khun Borom 16th to 17th century). There is no text of 1200 for the Mon kingdom of Haripunjaya, the Tai muang of Ngoenyang (Chiang Saen), Chiang Rung, the Yom and Nan valleys, or the Lao middle Mekong.
- The Inscriptions of Cambodia, Various (the Khmer kings and their officers), edited by George Coedes (inscriptions of the 6th to 14th centuries; edited 1937 to 1966). The Khmer empire of 1200 is known almost entirely from the great foundation stelae of Jayavarman VII (reigning from 1181), which Coedes edited: the Ta Prohm stele of 1186 (K. Read online
- The Customs of Cambodia, Zhou Daguan (after 1297, from a stay at Angkor in 1296 to 1297). A Chinese envoy's account of Angkor a century after Jayavarman VII, and the only description of the city and its court by an eyewitness. Read online
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.