Land or people · The Sami lands · as at first light, 1 January 1200

Pite and Ume Lapland

Southern Swedish Lapland and the coast below it: the fells and forests of the Pite (Arjeplog, Arvidsjaur), the Skellefte, the Ume (Sorsele, Lycksele, Storuman) and the upper Ångerman rivers (Vilhelmina, Dorotea, Åsele), down to the Bothnian coast from Piteå to Umeå.

In 1200 the coast north of Ångermanland has no attested farming settlement; Swedish settlers from the south come in the 14th century. The Sami siida hunt and fish here, trade south with the farmers of Ångermanland and Hälsingland and west across the fells with the Norwegians.

Who holds it

Name
none named
Title
the siida of the Pite, Skellefte, Ume and upper Ångerman rivers (none named)
Confidence
high

No source names them for 1200; Pite, Ume and Åsele lappmark are later units.

Overlord

None. The farmers of Ångermanland and Hälsingland (swn) are the nearest Swedish neighbours; their trade with the Sami is likely but not attested for 1200.

What it holds

  • the Pite and Skellefte fells and forests
  • the Ume valley
  • the upper Ångerman and Vindel rivers
  • the Västerbotten coast from Piteå to Umeå

How things stand that morning

Sami land without a lord; Swedish settlement of the coast is later.

Wealth

Wild reindeer, furs, fish.

Threats

  • Norwegian tribute-takers across the fells
  • the slow northward push of the Ångermanland and Hälsingland farmers (later)

Law and courts

The siida's own customs over hunting, fishing and grazing grounds, kept by its elders and its assembly of families (later evidence).

What the year holds

What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.

  1. 14th century (after this year)Swedish settlement of the Västerbotten coast (Umeå, Skellefteå, Piteå).

Places of note

  • Lycksele: the Ume valley
  • Arjeplog: the Pite fells
  • Vilhelmina: the upper Ångerman lands
  • Umeå: the Ume river mouth; no farming settlement in 1200

Where the sources disagree

Evidence: General Sami and settlement history; no source for 1200.

On the map: The southern edge follows the later Lapland and Ångermanland border (swn's ground) and the Jämtland border (now's ground); the western edge the Norwegian border. The coast from Umeå to Piteå is drawn as Sami for want of any attested farming settlement.

Sources and studies

  1. en.wikipedia: History of the Sami
  2. en.wikipedia: Birkarls

Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.