Ping and Kuang valley

Who holds it

Title

The king at Lamphun, through the lords of the moated towns

Since

not known

Born

not known

Family

See the Haripunjaya king and Ping lords records.

Confidence

low

English Wikipedia (Haripunjaya, Wiang Kum Kam).

Overlord

the king of Haripunjaya

What it holds

• Irrigated rice land of the Ping and Kuang
• The moated towns and Mon monasteries of the plain
• The villages between the Doi Suthep ridge and the river

Allies and rivals

Lamphun (centre); the Lawa hills on the west edge; Chiang Dao and the Tai muang north.

How things stand that morning

Settled rice country at peace so far as any source shows.

Wealth

Rice, fish, cloth and the road trade.

Military

Earth banks and moats of the towns; no numbers.

Threats

• Hill raiding from the west (undated)

What the year holds

What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.

1. 1286 or 1294; 1296Mangrai builds Wiang Kum Kam on the plain and then Chiang Mai (1296), after taking Lamphun.Depends on: Mangrai's conquest of Lamphun (1281, 1291 or 1292). Stopped by: Failure of the Ai Fa intrigue or a relief of Lamphun.

Places of note

• Wiang Tha Kan: moated Mon-period town

Where the sources disagree

• Board (ping-plain-doi-suthep): "likely" for Haripunjaya, "no city on it", Wiang Kum Kam in 1286. Kept. English Wikipedia (Wiang Kum Kam) allows 1286 or 1294; neither is 1200.

Evidence: Archaeology of moated sites (via the campaign board, not re-read) and the dated Lamphun steles for the monastic gifts; no administrative document.

"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.

On the map: A polygon along the lowland basin and the mountain foot.

Primary sources for Haripunjaya

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• The Glass Palace Chronicle of the Kings of Burma, The Royal Historical Commission of King Bagyidaw (Monywe Sayadaw and others), drawing on U Kala's Maha Yazawin (about 1724) and earlier chronicles (1829 to 1832). The standard Burmese court chronicle, compiled six centuries after 1200 from older chronicles now lost. Read online
• The later Tai, Lao and Mon chronicles of the north, Ratanapanna (Jinakalamali); Bodhiramsi (Chamadevivamsa); anonymous monks and court scribes (the Chamadevivamsa about 1410; the Jinakalamali 1516 to 1528; the Chiang Mai Chronicle in its surviving form 1827; the Nithan Khun Borom 16th to 17th century). There is no text of 1200 for the Mon kingdom of Haripunjaya, the Tai muang of Ngoenyang (Chiang Saen), Chiang Rung, the Yom and Nan valleys, or the Lao middle Mekong.
• Epigraphia Birmanica, being lithic and other inscriptions of Burma, Various, edited by Taw Sein Ko, C. Duroiselle and C. O. Blagden (inscriptions of the 11th to 15th centuries; the series ran from 1919 to 1936). The Archaeological Survey of Burma's series of edited inscriptions with full translations. Read online
• Inscriptions of Pagan, Pinya and Ava; Inscriptions of Burma, Various (the Pagan kings, queens, ministers and donors), edited by Tun Nyein, Taw Sein Ko, G. H. Luce and Pe Maung Tin (inscriptions of the 11th to 14th centuries; editions 1899 and 1933 to 1956). The dedicatory inscriptions of Pagan are the only contemporary texts for the kingdom of Narapatisithu (reigning 1174 to 1211). Read online
• The Inscriptions of Cambodia, Various (the Khmer kings and their officers), edited by George Coedes (inscriptions of the 6th to 14th centuries; edited 1937 to 1966). The Khmer empire of 1200 is known almost entirely from the great foundation stelae of Jayavarman VII (reigning from 1181), which Coedes edited: the Ta Prohm stele of 1186 (K. Read online