The rice plain of the Mahanadi and its tributaries (Chhattisgarh, the later name), once Dakshina Kosala under the Sarabhapuriyas and the Panduvamsis at Sirpur, now the country of the Ratanpur Kalachuris.
The Mahanadi, the temple towns of Pali, Malhar, Kharod, Sheorinarayan, Rajim and the Gond hills at its edges. "Chhattisgarh" as a word for thirty-six forts is late; the forts of the Kalachuri tradition are not dated.
Who holds it
- Name
- Ratnadeva III or Pratapamalla Kalachuri (the changeover about 1200 is by convention)
- Title
- King
- Since
- not pinned
- Born
- not known
- Confidence
- low
Realm record.
How things stand that morning
A free kingdom with its own dynastic seat, little known beyond the stones.
Where the sources disagree
On the map: A modern-district approximation of an old regional name.
Primary sources for Kalachuris
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- Epigraphia Indica: inscriptions of the Chandelas, Paramaras, Gahadavalas, Chaulukyas, Senas and Eastern Gangas, Various (edited for the Archaeological Survey of India by J. Burgess, E. Hultzsch, F. Kielhorn, Sten Konow, F. W. Thomas and successors) (inscriptions of the 1180s to 1210s; the series ran from 1892). The main record series for the Hindu kingdoms of northern India around 1200. Read online
- Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Various, edited by V. V. Mirashi (inscriptions of the 7th to 13th centuries; edited 1955). Collects every known record of the Kalachuris of Tripuri (Dahala) and of Ratnapura (south Kosala), with text, translation and a long historical introduction. Read online
- Inscriptions of the Paramaras, Chandellas, Kachchhapaghatas and two minor dynasties, Various, edited by H. V. Trivedi (inscriptions of the 9th to 14th centuries; edited 1978 to 1991). The collected records of the Paramaras of Malwa (parts 1 and 2) and of the Chandelas of Jejakabhukti (part 3), re-edited from Epigraphia Indica and earlier journals with new finds.
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.