Dromo

Who holds it

Name

not known; the nearest dated name is the lotsawa Yontendrak (born 973), said in fourteenth-century texts to have been given control of the road to India

Title

Lord of the Dromo road

Since

not pinned

Confidence

low

En Wikipedia (Chumbi Valley) names Yontendrak only. No holder of 1200 is named.

Overlord

none: no one rules Tibet in 1200; the house answers to its own patrons and to the custom of the valleys

What it holds

• Phari (Phari)
• Dromo at Xarsingma (Yadong (Xarsingma))

Allies and rivals

Sikkim's Lepcha and Bhutan's Mon valleys on either side; Gyantse and Ralung to the north.

How things stand that morning

The gate of the southern road; the lord is not known.

Wealth

No source we could open gives figures; the usual base is estates and serfs, herds, pass tolls, trade in salt, wool, tea and barley, and the gifts of patrons.

Military

No standing army; the house or lord calls on retainers, tenants and kin. No troop numbers are given by any source we could open.

Customs

Tibetan Buddhist, with Bon communities and village cults; barley, peas and butter farmers in the valleys and herders on the heights; the people on a house's or lord's estate are bound to it as serfs (mi ser). Disputes go to the lord or the lama of the nearest great house; no code or court of 1200 is described by any source we could open.

Assemblies

not described for 1200; the monks of the great houses meet as an assembly (tshogs) and the village headmen settle local matters, but no source we could open records either.

Tribute

none known; the people owe labour, grain and butter to their lord or house, but no figure or rate is given by any source we could open.

What the year holds

What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.

1. 1205-1206Bakhtiyar Khilji, the Ghurid conqueror of Bihar and Bengal, marches north from Bengal; the Chumbi page says he invaded Tibet through the valley in 1206 and was defeated.Depends on: His conquest of Nadia (1203 or 1204) and the march; the route is debated. Stopped by: No Ghurid conquest of Bengal.

Where the sources disagree

• The gazetteer has a Yadong in Inner Mongolia; Xarsingma is the Tibetan county seat.

Evidence: One page, two facts. Treasury of Lives, the Blue Annals, the Red Annals, Petech, Sorensen and Hazod and Davidson could not be opened in this session (treasuryoflives.org and rigpawiki.org refused the fetch; the archive.org full texts were refused or cut off), so facts marked 'recalled' are from memory of those works and unchecked.

On the map: Modern-unit polygon.

Primary sources for Tibet (centre)

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• History of Buddhism in India and Tibet, Buton Rinchen Drub (Bu ston Rin chen grub) (1322). Optional background. Read online
• The Blue Annals, Go Lotsawa Zhonnu Pal ('Gos lo tsa ba gZhon nu dpal) (1476 to 1478). The fullest Tibetan account of who mattered around 1200, written three centuries later from earlier biographies and lineage records, many now lost. Read online
• The collected works of Lama Zhang, and the early Kagyu lives, Lama Zhang (Zhang Yudrakpa Tsondru Drakpa) and his disciples; the biographers of Drigung, Taklung and Phagmodru (the 1160s to the early 13th century). The nearest contemporary witnesses to the lords of central Tibet in 1200. Read online
• The Sakya genealogy, and the works of the Sakya hierarch of 1200, Jetsun Drakpa Gyaltsen (Grags pa rgyal mtshan) and Sakya Pandita; the genealogy by Ngawang Kunga Sonam (the hierarchs' writings about 1170 to 1250; the genealogy 1629). Sakya in 1200 was ruled by Jetsun Drakpa Gyaltsen, the third of the five founders, with his nephew Kunga Gyaltsen (later Sakya Pandita, born 1182) under his teaching. Read online
• History of the Song, the chapters on Xia and on foreign states, Toqto'a (脫脫) and the Yuan history office (1343 to 1345). The Song court's accounts of its neighbours, each arranged as an annal of embassies and wars. Read online
• Indo-Tibetica (the temples and inscriptions of western Tibet), with the Royal Genealogy of Ngari, Giuseppe Tucci (editor and translator); the genealogy by Ngawang Drakpa (Ngag dbang grags pa) (the inscriptions and temple records of the 11th to 15th centuries; Indo-Tibetica published 1932 to 1941; the genealogy about 1497). Guge, Purang and Ladakh in 1200 are among the least documented kingdoms in the atlas. Read online