Bon, the religion that its followers say is older than Buddhism in Tibet, is a living tradition of monasteries, treasure texts and lay patrons in 1200, not a survival: it has its own sacred texts, its own teachers and its own houses in Tsang, in Kham and in the west.
The brief names Yungdrung Ling, founded in 1169, as the Bon house of this sheet. We could not open a page that gives its founder, its site or its estates, so the record is a placeholder: it exists, it is Bon, it is thirty-one years old in January 1200, and its head is not known. We give no coordinates because the position is not pinned.
Who holds it
- Title
- Head of Yungdrung Ling
- Since
- not pinned
- Confidence
- low
The brief gives the foundation as 1169. The Chinese page for Yungdrung Ling did not load, so no founder, site or head is verified.
Overlord
none: no one rules Tibet in 1200; the house answers to its own patrons and to the custom of the valleys
What it holds
- The monastery and its congregation (not described by any source we could open)
How it was acquired
1169 (the brief).
Allies and rivals
Not known. Bon lived beside the Buddhist houses; no quarrel with them is recorded for 1200.
How things stand that morning
Young foundation; no recorded dealings.
Wealth
No source we could open gives figures; the usual base is estates and serfs, herds, pass tolls, trade in salt, wool, tea and barley, and the gifts of patrons.
Military
No standing army; the house or lord calls on retainers, tenants and kin. No troop numbers are given by any source we could open.
Where the sources disagree
- The brief gives 1169 for Yungdrung Ling; we could not check it. We recall that the better known Yungdrung Ling of the nineteenth century is a different, later foundation in the same tradition, so the identification is uncertain.
Evidence: Brief only; no source opened. Treasury of Lives, the Blue Annals, the Red Annals, Petech, Sorensen and Hazod and Davidson could not be opened in this session (treasuryoflives.org and rigpawiki.org refused the fetch; the archive.org full texts were refused or cut off), so facts marked 'recalled' are from memory of those works and unchecked.
On the map: No seat: site not pinned. A record to hold the Bon house, to be placed when a site is pinned.
Primary sources for Tibet (centre)
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- History of Buddhism in India and Tibet, Buton Rinchen Drub (Bu ston Rin chen grub) (1322). Optional background. Read online
- The Blue Annals, Go Lotsawa Zhonnu Pal ('Gos lo tsa ba gZhon nu dpal) (1476 to 1478). The fullest Tibetan account of who mattered around 1200, written three centuries later from earlier biographies and lineage records, many now lost. Read online
- The collected works of Lama Zhang, and the early Kagyu lives, Lama Zhang (Zhang Yudrakpa Tsondru Drakpa) and his disciples; the biographers of Drigung, Taklung and Phagmodru (the 1160s to the early 13th century). The nearest contemporary witnesses to the lords of central Tibet in 1200. Read online
- The Sakya genealogy, and the works of the Sakya hierarch of 1200, Jetsun Drakpa Gyaltsen (Grags pa rgyal mtshan) and Sakya Pandita; the genealogy by Ngawang Kunga Sonam (the hierarchs' writings about 1170 to 1250; the genealogy 1629). Sakya in 1200 was ruled by Jetsun Drakpa Gyaltsen, the third of the five founders, with his nephew Kunga Gyaltsen (later Sakya Pandita, born 1182) under his teaching. Read online
- History of the Song, the chapters on Xia and on foreign states, Toqto'a (脫脫) and the Yuan history office (1343 to 1345). The Song court's accounts of its neighbours, each arranged as an annal of embassies and wars. Read online
- Indo-Tibetica (the temples and inscriptions of western Tibet), with the Royal Genealogy of Ngari, Giuseppe Tucci (editor and translator); the genealogy by Ngawang Drakpa (Ngag dbang grags pa) (the inscriptions and temple records of the 11th to 15th centuries; Indo-Tibetica published 1932 to 1941; the genealogy about 1497). Guge, Purang and Ladakh in 1200 are among the least documented kingdoms in the atlas. Read online
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.