Uduyit winter camp

Who holds it

Name

Toqto'a Beki

Title

Toqto'a Beki, chief of the Uduyit Merkit

Since

not known

Born

not known

Family

see Toqto'a Beki

Confidence

low

Camp placed from the English Wikipedia article (Buur-kheer, near the lower Orkhon) and the campaign board's Merkit orda (50.3N 106.2E).

Lord in 1200

Toqto'a Beki

How things stand that morning

Winter camp, if Toqto'a has not drawn back to the Barguzin.

Council

none; no town

Communities

Merkit households; hunters and fishers.

Trade and crafts

Fur, fish, felt.

Places of note

• Uduyit winter camp (approximate): Approximate.

Where the sources disagree

• The campaign board entry merkit-orda: 50.3N 106.2E (Suhbaatar and Kyakhta). This record puts the camp a little south on the Orkhon; both are approximate.

Evidence: Placing only.

"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.

Primary sources for Merkit

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• Record of the Personal Campaigns of the Holy Warrior (Chinggis Khan) (presented to Khubilai in 1288, finished in Mongolian in 1290; the surviving Chinese version dates from 1369). A year-by-year Chinese account of Temujin's wars, drawn from the lost Altan Debter (the same source behind the Yuan shi's first chapter and Rashid al-Din). Read online
• The Secret History of the Mongols (1228 or 1240 (the colophon's Year of the Rat is disputed), with later additions; the surviving Chinese transcription and gloss were made under the Ming in the 1380s). The only Mongol account of Temujin's rise, written within living memory. Read online
• Compendium of Chronicles, Rashid al-Din Fadl Allah Hamadani (1300 to 1311, at Tabriz). The official Ilkhanid history, compiled from Mongol oral tradition and the lost Altan Debter. Read online
• Compendium of Chronicles: the Turkic and Mongol tribes and the life of Chinggis Khan, Rashid al-Din Hamadani (about 1300 to 1311, in the Ilkhanate). The fullest description of who held what on the steppe around 1200, written a century later from Mongol court records (the Altan Debter) and from informants such as Bolad Chingsang. Read online
• History of the Yuan, Song Lian (宋濂) and the Ming history office (1369 to 1370). Juan 1, the annals of Taizu (Chinggis Khan), gives a dated outline of Temujin's early wars drawn from the same lost Altan Debter as the Shengwu qinzheng lu: the Tatar war with the Jin in 1196, the Merkit and Naiman campaigns, the Tayichi'ut war, Jamuqa's coalition of 1201 and the Tatar and Kereyit wars of 1202 and 1203. Read online