An island at the head of Antongil Bay occupied from the eighth century (radiocarbon, calibrated to about 820-840), with early soapstone, iron slag and Near Eastern white-glazed ware of the ninth and tenth centuries.
It stands for the north-east coast villages that traded soapstone and iron long before Mahilaka.
Who holds it
- Title
- Not known
- Since
- Not pinned
- Confidence
- low
Lord in 1200
None recorded.
How things stand that morning
A village site; occupation in 1200 not pinned.
Charter
None known: Swahili towns had no written charters.
Council
Not recorded.
Communities
Malagasy-speaking villagers.
Fairs and markets
No fairs; trade follows the monsoon season (ships arrive with the north-east kaskazi from about November and leave with the south-west kusi from about April).
Militia
Not recorded.
Trade and crafts
Soapstone, ironworking, fishing.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: Archaeology (Dewar and Wright).
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.