Kalyani

Who holds it

Title

Held for the Yadava crown on thin evidence; no governor named

Since

about 1187-90 (the Seuna conquest)

Born

not known

Confidence

low

Bhillama V took Kalyani about 1187 and the Chalukya Someshvara IV fled in 1189 (the realm and fallen-Kalyani records). Nothing I read names a Yadava governor of the city or dates its hold after 1190.

Lord in 1200

A Yadava governor or none; not known.

Overlord

Yadava crown (a claim)

How things stand that morning

A ruin of a capital, held without a king by the nearest power.

Council

Not known. The Sharana community that gathered round Basava is scattered after 1167-68 (from memory) and is not a governing body in 1200.

Communities

Kannada-speaking Brahmin and Jain households; the Lingayat community whose founders lived here a generation before (see the Basavakalyana religious record).

Walls and castle

The fort 'was constructed by Chalukyas' (Basavakalyan article, no builder or date); the Bahmani repairs are later.

Trade and crafts

A great military and court market that has lost its court; the Bidar plateau is a grain country with laterite plateaus and tanks (board 'bidar-plateau').

Where the sources disagree

• The Basavakalyan article gives the Chalukya capital period as 1050-1195 and Bijjala 1156-67; the Kalyani Chalukya and Kalachuri articles and the fallen-Kalyani record give the Chalukya restoration 1184-89 and the Seuna conquest 1189. We follow the latter.
• Board 'kalyani-basavakalyan' says the Yadavas hold it; no source we read confirms any Yadava governor or inscription at Kalyani in the 1190s. The Yadava hold is drawn and doubted.

Evidence: Basavakalyan and Western Chalukya and Kalachuris of Kalyani articles (read) give the capital's history; the articles name no ruler of the city after 1189 and say nothing for 1200 (the Basavakalyan page ends the Chalukya capital in 1195). The Yadava hold is inference.

Primary sources for Yadava kingdom (Devagiri)

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• Corpus of Inscriptions in the Telingana Districts, Various (Kakatiya chancery and temple scribes), edited by P. Sreenivasachar (inscriptions of the 10th to 15th centuries; edited 1940 to 1942). The Kakatiyas of Orugallu (Warangal) are known for 1200 almost entirely from inscriptions, and this Hyderabad Archaeological Series corpus is the main printed collection. Read online
• Epigraphia Carnatica: inscriptions of the Mysore country, Various (Hoysala chancery and temple scribes), edited by B. Lewis Rice and R. Narasimhachar (inscriptions of the 4th to 19th centuries; the series ran from 1886 to 1905, revised from 1972). The Hoysala kingdom of Veera Ballala II (reigning 1173 to 1220) is documented almost wholly by the inscriptions in this series, arranged by district and taluk with full English translations. Read online
• Inscriptions of the Silaharas, Various (Silahara chanceries), edited by V. V. Mirashi (inscriptions of the 9th to 13th centuries; edited 1977). Collects the records of the three Silahara houses: North Konkan (Thana), South Konkan, and Kolhapur.
• Sanskrit and Old Canarese Inscriptions relating to the Yadava Kings of Devagiri, Various (Yadava chancery), edited by J. F. Fleet (inscriptions of the 12th and 13th centuries; edited 1876). The first collected edition of the Yadava (Seuna) records, with texts and translations, from the Indian Antiquary. Read online