A north-coast trading village named in Balinese royal plates of the tenth and eleventh centuries, with duties laid on it for shipping and for keeping the shore.
It is the oldest documented port community on the island and one of the oldest in the islands anywhere (the campaign board; we did not check the first-mention year). The Balinese north shore faces Java and the Bali Sea; the harbour is a beach landing, not an emporium.
Who holds it
- Title
- Local headman
- Since
- not pinned
- Born
- not known
- Confidence
- low
No name for 1 January 1200 appears in any source we could reach.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: Plates cited by the campaign board; not re-read.
"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.
Primary sources for Bali
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- Old Javanese Charters (the Brandes and Krom corpus), including the Kediri inscriptions of Kamesvara and Srngga, Various (the Kediri kings and their officers), edited by J. L. A. Brandes and N. J. Krom (inscriptions of the 8th to 15th centuries; edited 1913). Kediri (Panjalu) in 1200 is known from a few royal charters on stone and copper, which this corpus first printed: the records of Kamesvara (about 1182 to 1194) and of Srngga, that is Kertajaya (from about 1194 to 1222), among them the Kamulan charter of 1194 and the Palah (Panataran) record of 1197, with the king's titles, his seal, the officials of the court and the villages freed from tax.
- The Description of the Country, called the Nagarakretagama, Mpu Prapanca (1365 at the Majapahit court). A Majapahit court poem of 1365 listed here only for its retrospect. Read online
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.