Town · The Swahili Coast and the Gold Country · as at first light, 1 January 1200

Ingombe Ilede

A hill near the Zambezi and Lusitu confluence whose famous rich burials, with gold beads, copper cross ingots, cloth and Indian Ocean beads, date to the mid fifteenth to mid seventeenth century, most likely the sixteenth (McIntosh and Fagan 2017).

An earlier first-millennium occupation is possible. It was not a trading centre on 1 January 1200.

Who holds it

Title
Not occupied as a trading centre in 1200
Since
Not pinned
Confidence
low

Lord in 1200

None in 1200 as far as the evidence shows.

How things stand that morning

Not a trading centre in 1200.

Charter

None: a settlement under a chief, without written privileges.

Fairs and markets

No fixed markets are known; exchange at the chief's court and with visiting traders.

Where the sources disagree

  • Older accounts date the rich burials to the fourteenth or even the seventh to eleventh centuries; the 2017 re-dating puts them in the fifteenth-sixteenth.

Evidence: Radiocarbon dating of burial cloth (2017).

Sources and studies

  1. Ingombe Ilede (Wikipedia, citing Phillipson and Fagan 1968 and McIntosh and Fagan 2017)

Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.