The forested ranges east of the Volta, from Mount Agou and the hills of Kpalimé north to the Adele country, are the home of about fourteen small peoples whose languages (the Ghana-Togo Mountain languages, once called Togo Remnant languages) are unrelated to their neighbours' Ewe and Akan.
Their scatter in the hills is usually read as the survival of older populations pushed into the hills by later Ewe and Akan settlement, which would make them the main holders of this ground in 1200; this is an inference, not a dated fact. Ground east of the crest (Atakpamé, the Dahomey gap) belongs to the next map.
Who holds it
- Title
- Village heads, priests and elders of each hill community
- Since
- Not known
- Confidence
- low
How things stand that morning
Independent hill communities.
Customs
Hill villages; shrines of hills and forests; later Ewe and Twi influence on their speech.
Assemblies
Village elders.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: Linguistic evidence and the inference of older settlement; no dated archaeology checked.
On the map: Drawn from the later language areas.
Sources and studies
- Ghana-Togo Mountain languages (Wikipedia)
- Researcher's general knowledge of the ethnography and linguistic geography of Ghana and Togo (present-day distributions), used only to place peoples whose 1200 seats are not recorded
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.