The limestone plain south of the Krishna between Nagarjunakonda and the Gundlakamma, where the war of the 1170s and 1180s (the Palnadu epic) cost the fighting strength of the Velanati world.
Poor soil, a few hill forts (Bellamkonda), the Chennakesava temple at Macherla.
Who holds it
- Title
- The Haihaya chiefs of Gurazala and Macherla
- Since
- not pinned
- Born
- not known
- Confidence
- low
See the Haihaya record; no chief is named for 1200.
Overlord
Velanati crown (loose)
How things stand that morning
A scarred buffer between Velanadu and Warangal.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: The Battle of Palnadu article (read) for the war and the country.
Primary sources for Velanati Chodas (Velanadu)
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- Corpus of Inscriptions in the Telingana Districts, Various (Kakatiya chancery and temple scribes), edited by P. Sreenivasachar (inscriptions of the 10th to 15th centuries; edited 1940 to 1942). The Kakatiyas of Orugallu (Warangal) are known for 1200 almost entirely from inscriptions, and this Hyderabad Archaeological Series corpus is the main printed collection. Read online
- South Indian Inscriptions (Archaeological Survey of India), Various (Chola, Pandya and other chanceries and temple scribes), edited by E. Hultzsch, V. Venkayya, H. Krishna Sastri and successors (inscriptions of the 7th to 17th centuries; the series ran from 1890). The temple inscriptions printed here are the primary record of the Tamil country in 1200. Read online
Sources and studies
- Wikipedia: Battle of Palnadu (read this session)
- Wikipedia: Velanati Chodas (read this session)
- OMNIA board notes for this place (a lead only, checked against the sources above)
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.