The sal forest and elephant grass along the foot of the Churia from the Narayani (the Gandak) east to the Karnata plain, malarial from the first rains to the cold weather and thinly held by people who have grown up with the fever (the campaign board).
It is the valley kingdom's outer wall and more effective than any wall the valley kingdom could build: the way in from India climbs out of it by the Rapti and Bhimphedi ravines, over the Chitlang saddle and down the Chandragiri slope, and an army that tries it arrives strung out, in single file and out of the fever belt only just in time. It produces timber, elephants and nothing that can be taxed on a schedule. Whether the king at Bhaktapur or the Karnata king at Simraungarh claims the strip is not recorded; the campaign board gives it to Nepal as a likely claim.
Who holds it
- Name
- No officer is recorded
- Title
- No lord; a claim of the king at Bhaktapur
- Since
- not pinned
- Born
- not known
- Family
- not known
- Confidence
- low
The campaign board gives the Malla kings as the power at 'likely' certainty and says the belt is thinly held.
What it holds
- the Rapti and Bhimphedi ravines
- the Chitwan and Parsa forest
- the foot of the Chandragiri road
How things stand that morning
No event is dated; the fever season runs from the first rains to the cold weather and the road is used in the dry months.
Wealth
Timber, elephants.
Military
No army is recorded and no number is known.
Tribute
None that can be collected on a schedule (the campaign board).
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: The campaign board only; no document.
"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.
On the map: A claim, not a boundary; the southern part overlaps the Karnata polygon.
Primary sources for Nepal valley
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- The Gopala Raja Chronicle, and the Nepalese colophons, Anonymous (chronicle); various scribes (colophons) (the chronicle about 1389; the colophons are contemporary notes of the 11th to 14th centuries). The Nepal valley in 1200 is known chiefly from dated manuscript colophons and short inscriptions, which name the reigning king with the Nepal era year, and from the Gopalarajavamsavali, a chronicle written about 1389 that lists the kings with regnal years.
- History of Buddhism in India and Tibet, Buton Rinchen Drub (Bu ston Rin chen grub) (1322). Optional background. Read online
- The Blue Annals, Go Lotsawa Zhonnu Pal ('Gos lo tsa ba gZhon nu dpal) (1476 to 1478). The fullest Tibetan account of who mattered around 1200, written three centuries later from earlier biographies and lineage records, many now lost. Read online
- The Sakya genealogy, and the works of the Sakya hierarch of 1200, Jetsun Drakpa Gyaltsen (Grags pa rgyal mtshan) and Sakya Pandita; the genealogy by Ngawang Kunga Sonam (the hierarchs' writings about 1170 to 1250; the genealogy 1629). Sakya in 1200 was ruled by Jetsun Drakpa Gyaltsen, the third of the five founders, with his nephew Kunga Gyaltsen (later Sakya Pandita, born 1182) under his teaching. Read online
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.