Closely related peoples of the coast between the Cacheu and the Geba estuary, the islands of Pecixe and Jeta, and Bissau island: rice farmers, palm-wine tappers, fishers and canoe men.
The Portuguese found them under small chiefs and kings in the sixteenth century. Their position and government in 1200 are not known.
Who holds it
- Title
- Village and lineage chiefs (later small kings: the Papel and Manjak chiefdoms of the sixteenth century)
- Since
- Not known
- Confidence
- low
Nothing is recorded for 1200.
How things stand that morning
Not known; presumably self-governing.
Customs
Lineage and village chiefs; rice and palm.
Assemblies
Not recorded.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: Later evidence only.
On the map: Back-projected.
Sources and studies
- Researcher's knowledge of Guinea-Bissau ethnography; no web source read for this record
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.