The plain behind the Rakhine Yoma where the Rakhine kings sit in a chain of riverside seats (Sambawak, Pyinsa, Parein, Hkrit, then Launggyet and Mrauk-U): Parein, founded in 1106 on the chronicle with the Nan-Oo Palace on the west bank; Pyinsa, the older seat with a three-hundred-year royal residence in the chronicles that no independent source confirms; Launggyet, a site until 1237 or 1251.
To the north on the Kaladan stand the decayed capitals Dhanyawadi, with the Mahamuni, and Vesali, with its coins and its stone of 729. Which seat is the capital on 1 January 1200 is not settled. The Mro of the hills at the head of the Kaladan are neighbours (English Wikipedia, Mru people). The shoreline and the creeks have moved.
Who holds it
- Title
- The king of Arakan and his court; the local lords of the river seats
- Since
- not known
- Born
- not known
- Family
- not known
- Confidence
- low
No source we read names a holder.
How things stand that morning
The kingship's home ground; no dated event.
What the year holds
What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.
- 1237 or 1251The court moves to Launggyet.Depends on: The chronicle's count. Stopped by: No move.
Places of note
- Parein: Chronicle seat.
- Dhanyawadi: Old capital and the Mahamuni.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: Chronicle dates and archaeology of earlier centuries.
On the map: Drawn on the modern Lemro and Kaladan plain; the creeks have shifted. The west edge is drawn out to take in the Mayu mouth and Rathedaung.
Primary sources for Kingdom of Arakan (the Lemro)
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- The Glass Palace Chronicle of the Kings of Burma, The Royal Historical Commission of King Bagyidaw (Monywe Sayadaw and others), drawing on U Kala's Maha Yazawin (about 1724) and earlier chronicles (1829 to 1832). The standard Burmese court chronicle, compiled six centuries after 1200 from older chronicles now lost. Read online
- Epigraphia Birmanica, being lithic and other inscriptions of Burma, Various, edited by Taw Sein Ko, C. Duroiselle and C. O. Blagden (inscriptions of the 11th to 15th centuries; the series ran from 1919 to 1936). The Archaeological Survey of Burma's series of edited inscriptions with full translations. Read online
- Inscriptions of Pagan, Pinya and Ava; Inscriptions of Burma, Various (the Pagan kings, queens, ministers and donors), edited by Tun Nyein, Taw Sein Ko, G. H. Luce and Pe Maung Tin (inscriptions of the 11th to 14th centuries; editions 1899 and 1933 to 1956). The dedicatory inscriptions of Pagan are the only contemporary texts for the kingdom of Narapatisithu (reigning 1174 to 1211). Read online
Sources and studies
- English Wikipedia, Arakan
- English Wikipedia, Letya Min Nan
- English Wikipedia, Dhanyawadi
- English Wikipedia, Waithali
- English Wikipedia, Mru people
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.