A spring temple of 962 where the water comes out of the ground straight into bathing tanks, in continuous use from that day to this (board). en.wikipedia dates the founding to 962 in the Warmadewa period; the king's name and the charter that mentions it we did not check.
It lies in the head of the Pakerisan valley, above Gunung Kawi, and its water feeds the valley's irrigation societies (Pakerisan subak). In 1200 it is a spring sanctuary two and a half centuries old with a priesthood and a bathing rite; the details of the rite are not known.
Who holds it
- Title
- Priests of the spring
- Since
- not pinned
- Born
- not known
- Confidence
- low
No priest is named.
Overlord
the queen and her son, as patrons (inference)
What it holds
- The spring, the tanks and the temple court
How it was acquired
Founded in 962 (en.wikipedia).
Allies and rivals
The irrigation societies below it.
How things stand that morning
In use, on the campaign board's word and the continuity of the place.
Wealth
Offerings; no figures.
Places of note
- Tirta Empul: The spring temple (the campaign board point).
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: The founding date is on en.wikipedia; the king's name and the charter are recalled only.
On the map: A disc round the site.
Primary sources for Bali
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- Old Javanese Charters (the Brandes and Krom corpus), including the Kediri inscriptions of Kamesvara and Srngga, Various (the Kediri kings and their officers), edited by J. L. A. Brandes and N. J. Krom (inscriptions of the 8th to 15th centuries; edited 1913). Kediri (Panjalu) in 1200 is known from a few royal charters on stone and copper, which this corpus first printed: the records of Kamesvara (about 1182 to 1194) and of Srngga, that is Kertajaya (from about 1194 to 1222), among them the Kamulan charter of 1194 and the Palah (Panataran) record of 1197, with the king's titles, his seal, the officials of the court and the villages freed from tax.
- The Description of the Country, called the Nagarakretagama, Mpu Prapanca (1365 at the Majapahit court). A Majapahit court poem of 1365 listed here only for its retrospect. Read online
Sources and studies
- Wikipedia (en), Tirta Empul (read in this pass): spring temple founded 962 in the Warmadewa period
- Wikipedia (en), Warmadewa dynasty (read in this pass): Blanjong pillar, Udayana, Abang Pura Batur A 6 April 1011
- OMNIA board notes for the place (a lead, not a source)
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.