Hindu temples and maths · The Nepal valley under its king · as at first light, 1 January 1200

Panauti

A small town on the tongue of land where the Punyamati and Roshi rivers meet, treated as a confluence tirtha.

Note for the date: the fine Indreshwar Mahadev temple here is a building of 1294 and is not standing in 1200 (the campaign board). What is here is the town, the confluence and the road east.

Who holds it

Name
Not named
Title
The priests of the confluence
Since
not pinned
Born
not known
Family
not known
Confidence
low

The campaign board is the only source.

How things stand that morning

Open.

Wealth

Offerings.

Military

No army is recorded and no number is known.

What the year holds

What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.

  1. 1294 (later)The Indreshwar Mahadev temple is built.Depends on: A patron and the peace of the valley. Stopped by: Given only as a later event.

Where the sources disagree

Evidence: The campaign board.

"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.

On the map: A point.

Primary sources for Nepal valley

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

  • The Gopala Raja Chronicle, and the Nepalese colophons, Anonymous (chronicle); various scribes (colophons) (the chronicle about 1389; the colophons are contemporary notes of the 11th to 14th centuries). The Nepal valley in 1200 is known chiefly from dated manuscript colophons and short inscriptions, which name the reigning king with the Nepal era year, and from the Gopalarajavamsavali, a chronicle written about 1389 that lists the kings with regnal years.
  • History of Buddhism in India and Tibet, Buton Rinchen Drub (Bu ston Rin chen grub) (1322). Optional background. Read online
  • The Blue Annals, Go Lotsawa Zhonnu Pal ('Gos lo tsa ba gZhon nu dpal) (1476 to 1478). The fullest Tibetan account of who mattered around 1200, written three centuries later from earlier biographies and lineage records, many now lost. Read online
  • The Sakya genealogy, and the works of the Sakya hierarch of 1200, Jetsun Drakpa Gyaltsen (Grags pa rgyal mtshan) and Sakya Pandita; the genealogy by Ngawang Kunga Sonam (the hierarchs' writings about 1170 to 1250; the genealogy 1629). Sakya in 1200 was ruled by Jetsun Drakpa Gyaltsen, the third of the five founders, with his nephew Kunga Gyaltsen (later Sakya Pandita, born 1182) under his teaching. Read online

Sources and studies

Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.