Jwalamukhi is a goddess shrine where natural gas flames burn from the rock; it is south of Kangra on the road to the plains and under the protection of the raja of Trigarta.
Pilgrimage here belongs to the old shakta tradition of the hills. Nothing is dated for 1200.
Who holds it
- Title
- Temple priests under the Kangra raja
- Since
- not known
- Born
- not known
- Confidence
- low
The campaign board entry lead only.
What it holds
- Offerings of the pilgrim road
Allies and rivals
The Katoch rajas.
How things stand that morning
A pilgrim place on the Kangra road.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: The campaign board entry lead only.
"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.
On the map: A point.
Primary sources for Hill rajas
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- The River of Kings, with Jonaraja's continuation, Kalhana; continued by Jonaraja (Kalhana 1148 to 1150; Jonaraja about 1459). Kalhana's chronicle stops in 1149, so for 1200 the witness is Jonaraja, writing three centuries later and very briefly. Read online
- The Gopala Raja Chronicle, and the Nepalese colophons, Anonymous (chronicle); various scribes (colophons) (the chronicle about 1389; the colophons are contemporary notes of the 11th to 14th centuries). The Nepal valley in 1200 is known chiefly from dated manuscript colophons and short inscriptions, which name the reigning king with the Nepal era year, and from the Gopalarajavamsavali, a chronicle written about 1389 that lists the kings with regnal years.
Sources and studies
- OMNIA board notes for this place (lead only, checked against the sources above)
- Wikipedia, Trigarta Kingdom
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.